What is a small program often used for automation called?

A small program often used for automation is referred to as a script. Scripts are written in various scripting languages and allow users to automate repetitive tasks, execute complex sequences of commands, or manage system processes more efficiently. They are typically interpreted at runtime, meaning they can be run without the need for compilation, which facilitates quick changes and iterations.

For example, in web development, a JavaScript file can be used as a script to automate interactions on a webpage, while in system administration, a Bash script can automate tasks on a Linux server. The flexibility and simplicity of scripts make them an essential tool for automation in various fields of IT.

Macros, although also used for automation, are typically associated with office software applications like Microsoft Excel, where they record a set of instructions to be executed automatically. Batch files are specific to Windows operating systems and involve a series of commands that are executed in sequence, while executable files are standalone files that are compiled and can be run directly by the operating system, but are not solely defined by their automation capabilities.